The Ship Captain’s Medical Guide – Chapter 9 – Female Disorders and Pregnancy

A woman’s period (or menstrual cycle) starts at puberty (11-16 years old) and should occur regularly until the menopause (45–55 years old). The cycle is approximately 28 days and the bleeding last 3–4 days. Individuals will vary widely. Severe generalised illness, severe weight loss, anorexia nervosa, severe stress may all interfere with the cycle, but the most common cause for a missed period is pregnancy.

Many women experience pain with periods. This can range from mild discomfort and a feeling of heaviness, to severe cramping pains, backaches, nausea and even vomiting. It is very individualistic. Paracetamol can be used for the pain and simple measures such as rest, a hot bath or hot water bottle over the lower abdomen all help.